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Formulas and roles

Diagrams are study aids. Use the code edition named in the current ARE 5.0 Guidelines. Agreement notes are concepts, not the AIA forms. Not affiliated with NCARB, AIA, or GBCI.

Occupant load and egress

Then check the minimum width. The factor depends on the use.

Slope

Fee math

Utilization = billable hours ÷ total hours.
Overhead rate = indirect expenses ÷ direct salary.
Break-even multiplier = (direct salary + overhead) ÷ direct salary.
Billing rate = pay rate × multiplier. Profit is above break-even.

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Who holds which role

The owner–architect agreement sets scope, fee, standard of care, and additional services. The architect does not guarantee cost.
The owner–contractor agreement sets the work, the contract sum, and means and methods. Those belong to the contractor.
The architect is not the safety officer and does not supervise workers.
A change order changes sum, time, or both. Substantial completion means the owner can use the work. A punch list can still be open.

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LEED impact frame

Credit intent is why the credit exists. Prerequisites are mandatory. Credits are optional points.
Water study math: flow × duration × uses × occupants, compared with a conventional case.
Energy study idea: proposed use versus a reference building. Cost and use are different metrics.
USGBC writes the rating system. GBCI administers certification, exams, and CMP.

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